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Chapter 3

Chapter 3 Linear RegressionOnce we ve acquired data with multiple variables, one very important question is how thevariables are related. For example, we could ask for the relationship between people s weightsand heights, or study time and test scores, or two animal a setof techniques for estimating relationships, and we ll focus on them for the next two this Chapter , we ll focus on finding one of the simplest type of relationship: linear. Thisprocess is unsurprisingly calledlinear regression, and it has many applications. For exam-ple, we can relate the force for stretching a spring and the distance that the spring stretches(Hooke s law, shown in Figure ), or explain how many transistors the semiconductorindustry can pack into a circuit over time (Moore s law, shown in Figure ).

1, and the noise variance ˙2 are all treated as xed (i.e., deterministic) but unknown quantities. Solving for the t: least-squares regression Assuming that this is actually how the data (x 1;y 1);:::;(x n;y n) we observe are generated, then it turns out that we can nd the line for which the probability of the data is highest

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