Transcription of Chapter 3: Cell Structure and Function
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Chapter 3: Cell Structure and Function
Chapter 3: Cell Structure and FunctionCharacteristics of Living Organisms All living organisms are made up of cells They share the following four processes: Growth:Increase in size Reproduction: Increase in number Responsiveness: React to environment Metabolism: Chemical reactions to provide energy and structures needed to grow, reproduce, and respond to environmentDistinguishing Features of ProkaryoticCells:1. DNA is: Notenclosed within a nuclearmembrane. A singlecircularchromosome. Notassociated with Lackmembrane-enclosed organelles like mitochondria, chloroplasts, Golgi, Cell walls usually contain peptidoglycan, a complex Divide by Features of EukaryoticCells:1. DNA is: Enclosed within a nuclearmembrane. Several linear chromosomes. Associated with histonesand other Havemembrane-enclosed organelles like mitochondria, chloroplasts, Golgi, endoplasmic reticulum, Divide by Prokaryotic Cell: Size, Shape, and Arrangement of Bacterial CellsCell Size: Dimensions of mostbacterial cells: Diameter: to m.
Prokaryotic Cell Structure II. The Cell Wall Gram-Positive Cell Walls: Consist of several layers of peptidoglycan, which form a thick, rigid structure (20-80 nm). Also contain teichoic acids, which are made up of an alcohol and a phosphate group. Two types: Lipoteichoic acids: Span cell wall, linked to cell membrane.
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