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Chapter 3: Cell Structure and Function

Chapter 3: Cell Structure and FunctionCharacteristics of Living Organisms All living organisms are made up of cells They share the following four processes: Growth:Increase in size Reproduction: Increase in number Responsiveness: React to environment Metabolism: Chemical reactions to provide energy and structures needed to grow, reproduce, and respond to environmentDistinguishing Features of ProkaryoticCells:1. DNA is: Notenclosed within a nuclearmembrane. A singlecircularchromosome. Notassociated with Lackmembrane-enclosed organelles like mitochondria, chloroplasts, Golgi, Cell walls usually contain peptidoglycan, a complex Divide by Features of EukaryoticCells:1. DNA is: Enclosed within a nuclearmembrane. Several linear chromosomes. Associated with histonesand other Havemembrane-enclosed organelles like mitochondria, chloroplasts, Golgi, endoplasmic reticulum, Divide by Prokaryotic Cell: Size, Shape, and Arrangement of Bacterial CellsCell Size: Dimensions of mostbacterial cells : Diameter: to m.

The Prokaryotic Cell Structure I. Structures External to the Cell Wall 1. Glycocalyx: “Sugar coat”. All polysaccharide containing substances found external to the cell wall, from the thickest capsules to the thinnest slime layers. All bacteria have at least a thin slime layer. Chemical composition varies widely with species. A glycocalyx made of sugars is called an extracellular

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