Transcription of Chapter 3: Cell Structure and Function
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Chapter 3: Cell Structure and Function
Chapter 3: Cell Structure and FunctionCharacteristics of Living Organisms All living organisms are made up of cells They share the following four processes: Growth:Increase in size Reproduction: Increase in number Responsiveness: React to environment Metabolism: Chemical reactions to provide energy and structures needed to grow, reproduce, and respond to environmentDistinguishing Features of ProkaryoticCells:1. DNA is: Notenclosed within a nuclearmembrane. A singlecircularchromosome. Notassociated with Lackmembrane-enclosed organelles like mitochondria, chloroplasts, Golgi, Cell walls usually contain peptidoglycan, a complex Divide by Features of EukaryoticCells:1. DNA is: Enclosed within a nuclearmembrane. Several linear chromosomes. Associated with histonesand other Havemembrane-enclosed organelles like mitochondria, chloroplasts, Golgi, endoplasmic reticulum, Divide by Prokaryotic Cell: Size, Shape, and Arrangement of Bacterial CellsCell Size: Dimensions of mostbacterial cells: Diameter: to m.
1. Acid-Fast Bacteria: Cell wall is thick like that of Gram-positive bacteria. Contains 60% lipids and much less peptidoglycan. Has a waxy consistency. Lipids make cells impermeable to many stains, and protect them from acids, alkalis, and antibiotics. Organisms grow slowly because nutrients penetrate
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