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Chapter 3 Describing Syntax and Semantics

Chapter 3 Describing Syntax and Semantics Chapter 3 Topics Introduction The General Problem of Describing Syntax Formal Methods of Describing Syntax Describing the Meanings of Programs: Dynamic Semantics Chapter 3 Describing Syntax and Semantics Introduction Syntax the form of the expressions, statements, and program units Semantics - the meaning of the expressions, statements, and program units. Ex: while (<Boolean_expr>)<statement> The Semantics of this statement form is that when the current value of the Boolean expression is true, the embedded statement is executed. The form of a statement should strongly suggest what the statement is meant to accomplish. The General Problem of Describing Syntax A sentence or statement is a string of characters over some alphabet.

syntactic variables (also called nonterminal symbols) ... Ambiguity • A grammar is ambiguous if it generates a sentential form that has two or more distinct parse trees. • Ex: Two distinct parse trees for the same sentence, const – const / const

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