Transcription of CHAPTER 4 FLOW IN CHANNELS - MIT OpenCourseWare
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CHAPTER 4 FLOW IN CHANNELS INTRODUCTION 1 flows in conduits or CHANNELS are of interest in science, engineering, and everyday life. flows in closed conduits or CHANNELS , like pipes or air ducts, are entirely in contact with rigid boundaries. Most closed conduits in engineering applications are either circular or rectangular in cross section. Open-channel flows , on the other hand, are those whose boundaries are not entirely a solid and rigid material ; the other part of the boundary of such flows may be another fluid, or nothing at all. Important open-channel flows are rivers, tidal currents, irrigation canals, or sheets of water running across the ground surface after a rain.
The material in this chapter is applicable to a much broader class of flows, in pipes and conduits, as well; such matters are covered in standard textbooks on fluid dynamics. 3 This chapter focuses on two of the most important aspects of channel flow: boundary resistance to flow, and the velocity structure of the flow. The discussion is built ...
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