Transcription of CHAPTER 4 FLOW IN CHANNELS - MIT OpenCourseWare
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CHAPTER 4 FLOW IN CHANNELS - MIT OpenCourseWare
CHAPTER 4 FLOW IN CHANNELS INTRODUCTION 1 Flows in conduits or CHANNELS are of interest in science, engineering, and everyday life. Flows in closed conduits or CHANNELS , like pipes or air ducts, are entirely in contact with rigid boundaries. Most closed conduits in engineering applications are either circular or rectangular in cross section. Open-channel flows, on the other hand, are those whose boundaries are not entirely a solid and rigid material; the other part of the boundary of such flows may be another fluid, or nothing at all. Important open-channel flows are rivers, tidal currents, irrigation canals, or sheets of water running across the ground surface after a rain.
water running across the ground surface after a rain. 2 In both closed conduits and open channels, the shape and area of the cross section of the flow can change along the stream; such flows are ... plane a variable distance y above the bottom and parallel to it (Figure 4-5).
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