Transcription of CHAPTER 4 SODIUM-BASED BATTERY TECHNOLOGIES
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1 CHAPTER 4 SODIUM-BASED BATTERY TECHNOLOGIES Erik D. Spoerke, Martha M. Gross, Leo J. Small, Stephen J. Percival, Sandia National Laboratories Abstract The growing demand for low-cost electrical energy storage is raising significant interest in BATTERY TECHNOLOGIES that use inexpensive sodium in large format storage systems. Potentially viable candidate TECHNOLOGIES today include relatively mature molten sodium batteries and emerging sodium ion batteries. While still relatively expensive, molten sodium BATTERY chemistries, such as sodium -sulfur (NaS) and sodium -nickel chloride (Na-NiCl2), are technologically mature enough for global deployment on the scale of hundreds of megawatt-hours.
sodium-nickel chloride), also known as the ZEBRA battery (Zeolite Battery Research Africa ... a carbon or a titanate - anode, and an organic or aqueous liquid electrolyte. Battery function involves alternately intercalating sodium ions into the cathode during discharge and the anode during charge. Unlike
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