Transcription of CHAPTER 5 OPEN-CHANNEL FLOW
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CHAPTER 5 OPEN-CHANNEL FLOW 1. INTRODUCTION 1 OPEN-CHANNEL flows are those that are not entirely included within rigid boundaries; a part of the flow is in contract with nothing at all, just empty space (Figure 5-1). The surface of the flow thus formed is called a free surface, because that flow boundary is freely deformable, in contrast to the solid boundaries. The boundary conditions at the free surface of an OPEN-CHANNEL flow are always that both the pressure and the shear stress are zero everywhere. But a flow can have a free surface but not be an OPEN-CHANNEL flow.
beyond what we have covered on laminar and turbulent flows in closed conduits: the presence of the free surface means that the geometry of the flow can change in the flow direction not just by being constrained to do so by virtue of the geometry of the boundaries but also by the behavior of the flow itself. This means that the
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