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Chapter 7: Statistical Analysis Data Treatment and Evaluation

Chapter 7: Statistical Analysis Data Treatment and Evaluation In the jury room, we can make two types of errors. An innocent person can be convicted, or a guilty person can be set free. It is a more serious error to convict an innocent person than to acquit a guilty person. The picture here is the Norman Rockwell Saturday Evening Post cover ,The Holdout from February 14, 1959. One of the 12 jurors does not agree with the others, who are trying to convince her. Similarly, in Statistical tests to determine whether two quantities are the same, two types of errors are possible: A type I error occurs when we reject the hypothesis that two quantities are the same, when they are statistically identical.

Statistical tests help determine whether a numerical difference is a result of a real difference (a systematic error) or a consequence of the random errors inevitable in all measurements. Tests of this kind use a null hypothesis, which assumes that …

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