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Chilled Water System Commissioning: Variable …
Chilled Water System commissioning : Variable Primary FlowJohn D. Villani, AssociatesLearning Objectives1. History of Chilled Water System configurations2. Variable Primary Flow (VPF) Chilled Water System configuration3. design and Controls considerations for proper operation of VPF Chilled Water systems4. Things to look for when commissioning VPF Chilled Water systemsAIA Quality AssuranceChilled Water System HistoryConstant Primary Flow1 Constant Primary Flow was used before primary/secondary Advent of low delta T problem1000 ton1000 ton2 gpm/ton1000 gpm1000 gpm12 dT10 dTLoss of capacity and capital investment916 tonsChilled Water System HistoryPrimary/Secondary (Balanced) 1 Constant Primary Flow / Variable Secondary Flow has been the industry standard for ton1000 ton2 gpm/ton1000 gpm12 dT10 dT998 gpm2000 gpm1998 gpm53 Deg F2 gpm 42 Deg F53 Deg F42 Deg F54 Deg F Design916 tonsVF DChilled Water System HistoryPrimary/Secondary (Imbalanced)
VPF Design Considerations. Design Issues • Pumps are controlled by load differential pressure (dP), not staged with chillers • Low Flow Bypass is critical to maintain minimum
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