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Coherent Optical Systems - NTUA

Coherent Optical Systems Digital Modulation Digital Modulation Digital Modulation Formats Digital Modulation Formats Digital Modulation Formats Digital Modulation Formats Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) bits/symbol QAM m=2 QPSK m=4 16 QAM m=6 64 QAM m=8 256 QAM I data 28Gb/s I data 28Gb/s Optical Transmission Channel I data stream Q data stream I-Q Modulator DAC DAC I Q I data 28Gb/s Q data 28Gb/s I-Q Modulator DAC DAC I Q PBC Binary 28Gb/s Binary 28Gb/s Binary 28Gb/s 4-Level 28 Gbaud 4-Level 28 Gbaud 16-QAM 28 Gbaud 16-QAM 28 Gbaud DP 16-QAM 28 Gbaud PBS DP 16-QAM 28 Gbaud 16-QAM 28 Gbaud I-Q Modulator DAC DAC I Q Optical Coherent Receiver DAC DAC I Q Binary Binary Binary Binary 4-Level 20 Gbaud 4-Level 20 Gbaud 16-QAM 28 Gbaud I-Q Modulator DAC Q Optical Coherent Receiver ADC ADC I Q Binary 28Gb/s Binary 28Gb/s Binary 28Gb/s Binary 28Gb/s 4-Level 28

Unlike typical RF oscillators, it is not easy to perfectly lock two lasers in frequency and phase (e.g. with an electro-optical PLL), which is needed to demodulate the signal. Digital implementation of the phase locking is possible (e.g. a digital PLL or other techniques), but the baudrates (10-32 GBaud) at which

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