Transcription of Coma
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Coma
ComaS Laureys, M Boly, G Moonen, and P Maquet,University of Lie`ge, Lie`ge, Belgium 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights Dimensions of Consciousness:Arousal and AwarenessConsciousness is a multifaceted concept that hastwo dimensions: arousal, or wakefulness ( , levelof consciousness), and awareness ( , content ofconsciousness). One needs to be awake in orderto be aware (rapid eye movement (REM) sleep andlucid dreaming being notorious exceptions).Figure 1shows that in normal physiological states (green),level and content are positively correlated (with theexception of the oneiric activity during REM sleep).Patients in pathological or pharmacological coma( , general anesthesia) are unconscious because theycannot be awakened (pink). The vegetative state (VS;blue) is a unique dissociated state of consciousness( , patients are seemingly awake but lack any behav-ioral evidence of voluntary or willed behavior).There is, of course, an irreducible philosophical limita-tion in knowing for certain whether any other beingpossesses a conscious life.
motor tract impairment) is an outdated term that should be avoided and is now considered to be a subcategory of the minimally conscious syndrome.
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