Congestive Heart Failure: Diagnosis, Pathophysiology ...

Congestive Heart failure : Diagnosis, Pathophysiology ,Therapy, and Implications for Respiratory CareMichael S Figueroa MD and Jay I Peters MD FAARCI ntroductionPathophysiology of Congestive Heart FailureEvaluation of the Patient With Congestive Heart FailureTherapy for Congestive Heart FailurePulmonary Complications of Congestive Heart FailureExacerbations of Heart failure : Use of CPAP and NPPVS ummaryCongestive Heart failure (CHF) is a common clinical disorder that results in pulmonary vascularcongestion and reduced cardiac output. CHF should be considered in the differential diagnosis ofany adult patient who presents with dyspnea and/or respiratory failure . The diagnosis of heartfailure is often determined by a careful history and physical examination and characteristic chest-radiograph findings. The measurement of serum brain natriuretic peptide and echocardiographyhave substantially improved the accuracy of diagnosis. Therapy for CHF is directed at restoringnormal cardiopulmonary physiology and reducing the hyperadrenergic state.

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and restrictive cardiomyop-athy. Many patients who have symptoms suggestive of heart failure (shortness of breath, peripheral edema, par-oxysmal nocturnal dyspnea) but also have preserved left-ventricular function may not have diastolic dysfunction; instead, their symptoms are caused by other etiologies,

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  Earth, Failure, Congestive heart failure, Congestive, Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic, Cardiomyop athy, Cardiomyop, Athy

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