Transcription of Contingency Management
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Contingency Management
Contingency Management Incentives for SobrietyStephen T. Higgins, , and Nancy M. Petry, Management (CM), the systematic reinforcement of desired behaviors and thewithholding of reinforcement or punishment of undesired behaviors, is an effective strategyin the treatment of alcohol and other drug (AOD) use disorders. Animal research provides theconceptual basis for using CM in AOD abuse treatment, and human studies have demonstratedthe effectiveness of CM interventions in reducing AOD use; improving treatment attendance;and reinforcing other treatment goals, such as complying with a medication regimen orobtaining employment. KEY WORDS: addiction care; treatment method; intervention;reinforcement; treatment outcome; AOD (alcohol and other drug) abstinence; problematicAOD use; multiple drug use; AOD dependence; treatment goals; treatment research; patientcompliance; employment; animal model; literature reviewContingency Management (CM)1is a strategy used in alcohol andother drug (AOD) abuse treat - ment to encourage positive behaviorchange ( , abstinence) in patients byproviding reinforcing consequences whenpatients meet treatment goals and bywithholding those consequences or pro-v
other drug (AOD) abuse treat-ment to encourage positive behavior change (e.g., abstinence) in patients by providing reinforcing consequences when patients meet treatment goals and by withholding those consequences or pro-viding punitive measures when patients engage in the undesired behavior (e.g., drinking). For example, positive conse-
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