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Copyrighted Material V
Copyrighted Material Causes and Consequences of Species Extinctions Navjot S. Sodhi, Barry W. Brook, and Corey J. A. Bradshaw OUTLINE megafauna. This refers to large-bodied (>44 kg) ani . mals, commonly (but not exclusively) used to refer 1. Introduction to the large mammal biota of the Pleistocene. 2. Extinction drivers minimum viable population. This is the number of in . 3. Extinction vulnerability dividuals in a population required to have a speci . 4. Consequences of extinctions ed probability of persistence over a given period of 5. Conclusions time. The ve largest mass die-offs in which 50 95% of species were eliminated occurred during the Ordovician [490 443. 1. INTRODUCTION. million years ago (mya)], Devonian (417 354 mya), Permian (299 250 mya), Triassic (251 200 mya), and Cretaceous In the Americas, charismatic large-bodied animals (146 64 mya) periods. Most recently, human actions espe (megafauna) such as saber-toothed cats (Smilodon cially over the past two centuries have precipitated a global spp.)
516 Conservation Biology species as a result of overexploitation. Discovered in 1741, it became extinct by 1768 because of overhunt ing by sailors, seal hunters, and fur traders.
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