Transcription of DC-Arc Models and Incident-Energy Calculations
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DC-Arc Models and Incident-Energy Calculations
1810 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS, VOL. 46, NO. 5, SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER2010DC-Arc Models and Incident-Energy CalculationsRavel F. Ammerman,Senior Member, IEEE, Tammy Gammon,Senior Member, IEEE,Pankaj K. Sen,Senior Member, IEEE, and John P. Nelson,Fellow, IEEEA bstract There are many industrial applications of large-scaledc power systems, but only a limited amount of scientific literatureaddresses the modeling of dc arcs. Since the early DC-Arc researchfocused on the arc as an illuminant, most of the early data wasobtained from low-current dc systems. More recent publicationsprovide a better understanding of the high-current dc arc. Thedc-arc Models reviewed in this paper cover a wide range of arcingsituations and test conditions. Even with the test variations, acomparison of DC-Arc resistance equations shows a fair degree ofconsistency in the formulations. A method for estimating incidentenergy for a dc arcing fault is developed based on a nonlineararc resistance.
AMMERMANet al.:DC-ARC MODELS AND INCIDENT-ENERGY CALCULATIONS 1811 Fig. 2. Electric-arc characterization [3], [4]. Free-burning arcs in open air are the exclusive focus of this paper. In industrial applications, high-current free-burning
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