Transcription of Deliberate Practice (Psychological Review)
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psychological Review 1993, Vol. 100. No. 3, 363-406 Copyright 1993 by the American psychological Association, Inc. OO33-295X/93 The Role of Deliberate Practice in the Acquisition of Expert Performance K. Anders Ericsson, Ralf Th. Krampe, and Clemens Tesch-Romer The theoretical framework presented in this article explains expert performance as the end result of individuals' prolonged efforts to improve performance while negotiating motivational and external constraints. In most domains of expertise, individuals begin in their childhood a regimen of effortful activities ( Deliberate Practice ) designed to optimize improvement.
364 K. ERICSSON, R. KRAMPE, AND C. TESCH-ROMER field, must be transmitted from parents to their offspring. Gal-ton (1869/1979) argued that eminence was a virtually inevita-ble consequence of inherited "natural ability," which was the
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