Transcription of Distributions for Uncertainty Analysis1
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Distributions for Uncertainty Analysis1 Howard Castrup, President, Integrated Sciences Group Bakersfield, CA 93306 Abstract In performing a measurement, we encounter errors or biases from a number of sources. Such sources include random error, measuring parameter bias, measuring parameter resolution, operator bias, environmental factors, etc. We estimate the uncertainties due to these errors either by computing a standard deviation from a sample of measurements or by forming an estimate based on experience. Estimates obtained by the former method are labeled Type A estimates and those obtained by the latter method are called Type B estimates. This paper describes statistical Distributions that can be applied to both Type A and Type B measurement errors and to equipment parameter biases.
tion’s uncertainty. However, the variance is in the wrong units, namely, the desired units squared. This is rectified by taking the square root of the variance,
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