Does Language Shape Thought?: Mandarin and English ...

Cognitive Psychology43,1 22 (2001) , available online at onDoes Language Shape Thought?: Mandarin and EnglishSpeakers Conceptions of TimeLera BoroditskyStanford UniversityDoes the Language you speak affect how you think about the world? This questionis taken up in three experiments. English and Mandarin talk about time differently English predominantly talks about time as if it were horizontal, while Mandarin alsocommonly describes time as vertical. This difference between the two languages isreflected in the way their speakers think about time. In one study, Mandarin speakerstended to think about time vertically even when they were thinking for English ( Mandarin speakers were faster to confirm that March comes earlier than April ifthey had just seen a vertical array of objects than if they had just seen a horizontalarray, and the reverse was true for English speakers). Another study showed that theextent to which Mandarin English bilinguals think about time vertically is related tohow old they were when they first began to learn English .

May 03, 2001 · In Mandarin, front/back spatial metaphors for time are also common (Scott, 1989). Mandarin speakers use the spatial morphemes qia´n (‘‘front’’) and ho`u (‘‘back’’) to talk about time. Examples in Fig. 1 show parallel uses of qia´n and ho`u in their spatial and temporal senses. Example sentences and

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