Transcription of E4 Warm and cold forging - EKO Endüstri
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E4 Warm and cold forging - EKO Endüstri
1 warm AND cold FORGINGPRECISION FORGINGCOLD HEADINGCOLD EXTRUSION2 Precision forgingMain characteristics: Closed die forging Temperature is below the hot range, itis warm forging (T~0,5*TmoK) Close tolerances, acceptable surfacefinish near net shaping process Good material yield Good mechanical properties3 Economic considerations Precision forging is more costly thanconventional forging , ..but! Savings in material and machiningcosts are significant Forming complex shapes is possible Precision forging represents a highervalue product than a conventionalforging (higher added value)4 Temperature of forgingLow alloy steels:950 .. 1150 oCHot forging540 .. 815 oCWarm forging < 250 oCCold forgingControlled cooling may be necessary afterforging to avoid distorsion and to control themicrostructure of the workoiece5 Tooling (1) Dimensions Allowances (thermal contraction, machining) Draft angles, no sharp corners goodmaterial flow Workability High deformation levels needs goodformability Try to avoid cracking!
1 warm and cold forging precision forging cold heading cold extrusion
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