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Ecosystem functions and services

CHAPTER 3 Ecosystem functions and servicesCagan H. SekerciogluIn our increasingly technological society, peoplegive little thought to how dependent they are onthe proper functioning of ecosystems and thecrucial services for humanity thatflow fromthem. Ecosystem services are the conditionsand processes through which natural ecosystems,and the species that make them up, sustain andfulfill human life (Daily 1997); in other words, the set of Ecosystem functions that are useful tohumans (Kremen 2005). Although people havebeen long aware that natural ecosystems helpsupport human societies, the explicit recognitionof Ecosystem services is relatively recent(Ehrlich and Ehrlich 1981a; Mooney and Ehrlich1997).

carbon sinks (Butler 2008). Changes in ecosystems affect nitrogen, phos-phorus, and sulfur cycles as well (Alexander et al. 1997; Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 2005b; Vitousek et al. 1997). Although nitrogen in its gaseous form (N 2) makes up 80% of the atmo-sphere, it is only made available to organisms through nitrogen fixation by ...

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