Transcription of ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM FAULT ANALYSIS
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ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM FAULT ANALYSIS
1 Contents CHAPTER ONE ..4 FAULT ..4 CAUSES OF POWER SYSTEM FAULTS ..4 COMMON POWER SYSTEM FAULTS ..4 EFFECTS OF POWER SYSTEM FAULTS ..5 THEVENIN S EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT ..5 SYMMETRICAL COMPONENTS ..6 General principles ..6 THREE-SEQUENCE IMPEDANCES AND SEQUENCE NETWORKS ..9 PHYSICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SEQUENCE COMPONENTS .. 10 CHAPTER TWO .. 11 SEQUENCE NETWORKS OF SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES .. 11 Positive sequence network .. 12 Negative sequence network .. 13 Zero sequence network .. 15 SEQUENCE IMPEDANCES OF TRANSMISSION LINE .. 17 SEQUENCE IMPEDANCES OF TRANSFORMERS .. 17 FORMATION OF SEQUENCE NETWORKS .. 18 UNSYMMETRICAL FAULTS .. 19 SINGLE LINE TO GROUND FAULT .. 21 LINE TO LINE FAULT .. 24 DOUBLE LINE TO GROUND 25 BALANCED THREE PHASE FAULT .. 28 CHAPTER THREE .. 29 2 THE BUS IMPEDANCE MATRIX .. 29 INTRODUCTION .. 29 THE ALGORITHM FOR FORMULATING THE COMPLEX Zbus IMPEDANCE MATRIX.
An unloaded synchronous machine having its neutral earthed through impedance, zn, is shown in fig. 2(a) below. A fault at its terminals causes currents Ia, Ib and Ic to flow in the lines. If fault involves earth, a current In flows into the neutral from the earth. This current flows through the neutral impedance Zn.
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