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Electron Diffraction and Crystal Structure

University of Michigan Physics 441-442 2/9/06 Advanced Physics Laboratory Electron Diffraction and Crystal Structure 1. Introduction In classical mechanics we describe motion by assigning momenta to point particles. In quantum mechanics we learn that the motion of particles is also described by waves, with the crucial parameters of the two viewpoints related through the de Broglie relation: !=hp [1] where p is the momentum, is the wavelength, and h is Planck s constant h= !10"34J#s= !10"15eV#s. To observe wave-like behavior, we require some kind of grating where the distance between slits is of order the wavelength. At typical laboratory energies, the Electron s de Broglie wavelength is of order one Angstrom (10 8 cm), about the same size as the interatomic spacings in common crystals.

diffraction pattern, measuring their wavelength, and verifying Eq. 1. As an added bonus, with the principle verified, the diffraction patterns then become powerful tools for the study of crystal structure. In this experiment, you will use a cathode ray tube with a graphite crystal target that shows the diffraction pattern on the screen.

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