Transcription of ENGINEERING SURVEYING (221 BE) Distance & Angle
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ENGINEERING SURVEYING (221 BE) Distance & Angle Sr Tan Liat Choon Email: Mobile: 016-4975551 INTRODUCTION Types of Measurements in SURVEYING : SURVEYING is the art of making suitable measurements in horizontal or vertical planes. This is one of the important subjects of civil ENGINEERING . Without taking a survey of the plot where the construction is to be carried out, the work cannot begin 2 INTRODUCTION From the above definition, we conclude on two types of measurements in SURVEYING . They are as follows: Linear measurements Angular measurements 3 INTRODUCTION Linear measurements are further classified as follows: Horizontal Distance Vertical Distance 4 INTRODUCTION Horizontal Distance A horizontal Distance is measured in horizontal plane if a Distance is measured along a slope, it is reduced to its horizontal equivalent 5 INTRODUCTION Vertical Distance A vertical Distance is measured along the direction of gravity at that point.
A zenith angle is the complementary angle to the vertical angle and is formed by two intersecting lines in a vertical plane, one of these lines directed toward the zenith 24 . INTRODUCTION ON ANGLE MEASUREMENT 25 . TYPE OF ANGLE MEASUREMENT Interior …
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