ETHICS AND MORALITY Basic Ethical Concepts E

ETHICS AND MORALITY Category: Basic Ethical Concepts . E specially in everyday language, the dis- tinction between the terms ETHICS ' and MORALITY ' is not always clear. Even in some questions of good life' are tied to an evaluati- on of what is good and are answered in the form of recommendations how to achieve philosophical texts both are used synony- that goal, norms or principles of moral right- mously, while others seem to draw a clear ness generate imperatives. distinction between them. Historically, the . term ETHICS ' comes from Greek ethos which Today it is common to separate ETHICS into means the customs, habits and mores of peo- three sub-branches: 1. descriptive ETHICS , 2. ple. MORALITY ' is derived from Latin mos, mo- metaethics and 3. normative ETHICS : ris which denotes basically the same; it was 1. Descriptive ETHICS aims at empirically introduced by Cicero as an equivalent to the and precisely mapping existing MORALITY or Greek ethos.

Basic Ethical Concepts 2. Consequentialist theories on the other hand determine the value of an action on the grounds of a cost-benefit analysis of its con-sequences. If the positive consequences out-weigh the negative ones then the action is morally proper. 3. Virtue theories focus on a given set of rules like “do not steal” etc.

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