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European buckthorn and Asian soybean aphid as …
ORIGINAL PAPERE uropean buckthorn and Asian soybean aphid ascomponents of an extensive invasional meltdownin north AmericaGeorge E. Heimpel Lee E. Frelich Douglas A. Landis Keith R. Hopper Kim A. Hoelmer Zeynep Sezen Mark K. Asplen Kongming WuReceived: 12 June 2009 / Accepted: 25 September 2009 Springer Science+Business Media 2010 AbstractWe consider the possibility of an extensiveinvasional meltdown occurring in central NorthAmerica involving eleven Eurasian species. Thescenario begins with the potential co-facilitationbetween the European earthwormLumbricus terrestrisand European buckthorn ,Rhamnus cathartica. Onceintroduced, European buckthorn has served as theoverwintering host for two important invasive croppests, oat crown rust,Puccinea coronataand thesoybean aphid ,Aphis glycines. The spread ofR. catharticaitself may have been aided by seeddispersal by the European starling,Sturnus vulgaris,and the presence ofL.
ORIGINAL PAPER European buckthorn and Asian soybean aphid as components of an extensive invasional meltdown in North America George E. Heimpel • Lee E. Frelich • Douglas A. Landis •
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