Experiment #3 - Hydrocarbons

CCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHCCCCCCCCHHHHHH HHHCHHHCHHHHHHHHHCHHHCCCCCCCHHCHHHHHHHHH HHHHH octane - unbranched (straight-chain)4-ethyl-2-methyloctane - branchedethylcyclohexane - cyclicFigure 1 - Unbranched, branched, andcyclic #3 - HydrocarbonsIntroductionOrganic chemistry is the chemistry of thecompounds of carbon. Currently over twentymillion compounds have been reported in thechemical literature; about 90% of them areorganic, ie they contain carbon. The remainingcompounds are called inorganic and are formedfrom the other elements, of which there areabout 100. That carbon so dominatescompound formation is a result of the fact that itis almost unique in its ability to form longchains with other carbon atoms. [Carbon sneighbor in the periodic table, silicon, can dothis but rarely does.] These chains with onecarbon joined to a second and the secondjoined to a third, etc., can be branched, ie,chains of carbon atoms can be attached tocarbons in the original chain.

Physical Properties Some molecules carry an electrical charge because there is a difference between the number of electrons (each with a -1 charge) and the number of protons (each with a +1 charge) in the molecule. We call molecules of this type ions. The ammonium ion, NH 4 +, has a +1 charge because it has 11 protons (7 from nitrogen and 4 ...

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