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Fatigue

Term fatigueintroduced by Poncelet (France) 1839progressive fractureis more descriptive Fatigue1. Minute crack at critical area of high local stress(geometric stress raiser, flaws, preexisting cracks)2. Crack gradually enlarges(creating beach marks )3. Final fracture(suddenly, when section sufficiently weakened) Fatigue : no or only microscopic distortionstatic failure: gross distortion 3. Final fracture(rough zone)1. Fatigueorigin2. Beach marks(velvety zone) Fatigue Repeated plastic deformation Thousands/millions of microscopic yielding(far below conventional yield or elastic point) Highly localized plastic yielding(holes, sharp corners, threads, keyways, scratches, corrosion) Strengthen vulnerable locationoften as effectiveas choosing a stronger material (If local yielding is sufficiently minutestrain-strengthen may stop the yielding)Standard Fatigue strength Sn Empirical data from Moore Fatigue test(Highly standardized and restricted conditions)Rotating-beam Fatigue -testingmachinePure bending (zero traverse shear)Ncycles of tension-to-compression-to-tension1750 rpmvariousStandard Fatigue strength Sn Fatigue strength , or Peak alternating stress S (ksi)Linear coordinates (not used for obvious reason)Semilog coordinatesLog-log coordinatesFerrous materials: for life cycle N > 106 < Sn Knee.

Fatigue Strength S n = S n’C LC GC S Summery use Table 8.1 Juvinall p.316 106-cycle strength (endurance limit) S n’… Moore endurance limit 1000-cycle strength Bending Axial Torsion C L (load factor) 0.9S u 0.75S u 0.9S us steel: S us=0.8S u other ductile metals: S us=0.7S u Bending Axial Torsion C L (load factor) 1 1 0.58 C G (gradient ...

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