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FIRST-ORDER ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

FIRST-ORDER ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONSG(x, y, y ) = 0 in normal form:y =F(x, y) in DIFFERENTIAL form:M(x, y)dx+N(x, y)dy= 0 Last time we discussed first-orderlinearODE:y +q(x)y=h(x).We next consider FIRST-ORDER ODEs No general method of solution for 1st-order ODEs beyond linear case;rather, a variety of techniques that work on a case-by-case :i) Bring equation to separated-variables form, that is,y = (x)/ (y);then equation can be covered by this includey = (ax+by);y = (y/x).ii) Reduce to linear equation by transformation of of this include Bernoulli s ) Bring equation to exact- DIFFERENTIAL form, that isM(x, y)dx+N(x, y)dy= 0such thatM= / x,N= / solution determined from (x, y) =const.

Using Newton’s law, the shape y(x) of the chain obeys the 2nd−order nonlinear differential equation y = a 1 + (y )2 , a ρ g / T Setting y = q q = a 1 + q • Separationofvariables ⇒ Z 1 p 1+q2 ... ♦ No general method of solution for 1st-order ODEs beyond linear case;

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