Transcription of FOLDS - ETH Z
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FOLDS - ETH Z
207 FOLDS jpb, 2020 FOLDS The term fold is used when one or stacks of originally flat and planar surfaces such as sedimentary beds become bent or curved as a result of plastic ( permanent) and ductile deformation. FOLDS in rocks vary in size from microscopic crinkles to mountain-size FOLDS . They occur singly as isolated FOLDS and in extensive fold trains at all scales. A set of FOLDS distributed on a regional scale constitutes a fold belt. Fold belts are typically associated with convergent plate boundaries and directed compressive stress. FOLDS form under varied conditions of stress, hydrostatic pressure, pore pressure, and temperature as evidenced by their presence in sediments, sedimentary rocks, the full spectrum of metamorphic rocks, and in some igneous rocks. FOLDS may result from a primary deformation, which means that folding occurred during the formation of the rock, or a consequence of a secondary, tectonic deformation.
The wavy trace of a folded surface may be represented by a function y = f (x), where the x- axis joins two consecutive ... lines joining crest and trough points of any bedding surface are crest lines or trough lines. They are also the lines where layering changes orientation from the dip in one direction to dip in the opposite
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