Transcription of Four Decades of Research on School Bullying
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Four Decades of Research on School Bullying
Four Decades of Research on School BullyingAn IntroductionShelley HymelUniversity of British ColumbiaSusan M. SwearerUniversity of Nebraska Lincoln and Born This WayFoundation, Los Angeles, CaliforniaThis article provides an introductory overview of findingsfrom the past 40 years of Research on Bullying amongschool-aged children and youth. Research on definitionaland assessment issues in studying Bullying and victimiza-tion is reviewed, and data on prevalence rates, stability,and forms of Bullying behavior are summarized, setting thestage for the 5 articles that comprise thisAmerican Psy-chologist specialissue on Bullying and victimization. Thesearticles address Bullying , victimization, psychological se-quela and consequences, ethical, legal, and theoreticalissues facing educators, researchers, and practitioners,and effective prevention and intervention efforts. The goalof this special issue is to provide psychologists with acomprehensive review that documents our current under-standing of the complexity of Bullying among School -agedyouth and directions for future Research and : Bullying , victimization, School violenceSchool Bullying has been around for as long asanyone can remember, featured in Western litera-ture for over 150 years ( , Charles Dickens sOliver twist [Dickens, 1839/1966)]
Oliver Twist [Dickens, 1839/1966]; Thomas Hughes’s Tom Brown’s School Days [Hughes, 1857/1892]). Today, bul-lying permeates popular culture in the form of reality TV and violent video games, and in our free-market, capitalist society. In contrast, empirical research on bullying is a relatively recent focus, the earliest studies emerging in the
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