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Fourier transform techniques 1 The Fourier transform

Fourier transform techniques1 The Fourier transformRecall for a functionf(x) : [ L,L] C, we have the orthogonal expansionf(x) = n= cnein x/L, cn=12L L Lf(y)e in y/Ldy.(1)We think ofcnas representing the amount of a particular eigenfunction with wavenumberkn=n /Lpresent in the functionf(x). So what ifLgoes to ? Notice that the allowedwavenumbers become more and more dense. Therefore, whenL= , we expectf(x)is a su-perposition of an uncountable number of waves corresponding to every wavenumberk R,which can be accomplished by writingf(x)as a integral overkinstead of a sum let s take the limitL formally. Settingkn=n /Land k= /Land using (1), onecan writef(x) =12 n= ( L Lf(y)e iknydy)eiknx this is a Riemann sum for an integral on the intervalk ( , ).

Delta function in x (x) 1 Delta function in k 1 2ˇ (k) Exponential in x e ajxj 2a ... Now we consider situations where there is more than one independent variable. In this case, the ... describing a pulse with shape f(x) moving uniformly at speed c. 5. Example 3. + k 1) +

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