GRADE RETENTION AND PROMOTION: …

S3 65 Helping Children at Home and School II: Handouts for Families and EducatorsGRADE RETENTION AND PROMOTION: information FOR PARENTS By Shane R. Jimerson, PhD, NCSP, Sarah M. Woehr, & Amber M. Kaufman, MA University of California, Santa Barbara GRADE RETENTION , also known as non- promotion , flunking, failing, being held back, or the gift of time,refers to a child repeating his or her current GRADE level again the following year. Whether used toaddress low performance and/or behavior problems, research generally has not found favorableachievement or adjustment outcomes for students who are , RETENTION rates have been rising. This trend appears to be heavily influenced by therecent reform movement emphasizing national or state-wide educational GRADE -level standards andaccountability (the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001) and the accompanying GRADE -level tests todetermine which students are promoted to the next GRADE .

Helping Children at Home and School II: Handouts for Families and Educators S3–65 GRADE RETENTION AND PROMOTION: INFORMATION FOR PARENTS By Shane R. Jimerson, PhD, NCSP, Sarah M. Woehr, & Amber M. Kaufman, MA

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