Transcription of Hardy-Weinberg Theorem Expected Genotype Frequencies
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Hardy-Weinberg Theorem Expected Genotype Frequencies
Factors causing Genotype frequency changes or evolutionary principles Questions we are addressing Allele Frequencies Selection = variation in fitness; heritable How reproductively isolated are a group of Allele Frequencies (gene Frequencies ) =. Mutation = change in DNA of genes populations? proportion of all alleles in an all individuals Migration = movement of genes across populations in the group in question which are a Vectors = Pollen, Spores particular type Recombination = exchange of gene segments How many populations are in sample? Allele Frequencies : Non-random Mating = mating between neighbors p + q = 1. rather than by chance Expected Genotype Frequencies : Random Genetic Drift = if populations are small enough, by chance, sampling will result in a different p2 + 2pq + q2. allele frequency from one generation to the next. Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Hardy-Weinberg Theorem Expected Genotype Frequencies Null Model = population is in HW Equilibrium Useful The possible range for an allele frequency or Genotype if only random mating occurs, then allele Frequencies frequency therefore lies between ( 0 1).
Mendelian genetics implies that genetic variability can persist indefinitely, unless other evolutionary forces act to remove it IMPORTANCE OF HW THEOREM Population Substructure •Many species naturally subdivide themselves into herds, flocks, colonies, schools etc. •Patchy environments can also cause subdivision •Sub div so n ec rah tz y g
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