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I. POPULATIONS, VARIABLES, and DATA

I. POPULATIONS, VARIABLES, and data Populations and Samples: To a statistician, the population is the set or collection under investigation. Individual members of the population are not usually of interest. Rather, investigators try to infer with some degree of confidence the general features of the population . Examples: 1. The population of students currently enrolled at a certain university. 2. The population of registered voters in a certain Congressional district. 3. The population of large-mouthed bass in a certain lake. 4. The population of all decay times of a certain species of radioactive nucleus. From these examples we see that many populations are so large that it is impossible to examine each of their individual members. In fact, the populations in A - C change over time.

A. Nominal variables are variables whose values are labels. The order of the labels may have no special significance. In the example above, “Gender” is a nominal variable whose values are “M” and “F”. Nominal variables are also called categorical variables or factors. Nominal variables may be represented by numbers.

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