Transcription of INDEX [www.silbert.org]
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INDEX [www.silbert.org]
W- INDEX Water INDEX calculations Version for Excel (c) 2006 M A R V I N S I L B E R T and A S S O C I A T E S 23 Glenelia Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M2M 2K6 Telephone: 1-416-225-0226 FAX: 1-416-225-2227 Internet: W- INDEX Water- INDEX calculations Why do we have scaling? Calcium and magnesium provide hardness in a solution. By itself, hardness does not present any problems. A calcium solution at a pH of 3 may have hardness, but it is not going to scale. This Section looks at the scaling or precipitation fouling that results when alkalinity is present with the hardness and how this scaling forms on heat-transfer surfaces in cooling systems.
W-index Operating Manual -3- • The Langelier Saturation Index or LSI1 was the first attempt to quantify the tendency to form scale. It is defined simply as the difference between the actual system pH (the measured value) and the saturation pHs.This index provides a simple criterion by which the likelihood
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