Transcription of Internal Combustion Engines
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Internal Combustion Engines
4 InternalCombustionEnginesInternalcombust ionenginesaredevicesthatgenerateworkusin gtheproductsofcom-bustionastheworkingflu idratherthanasa ,thecombustionis carriedoutina mannerthatproduceshigh-pressurecombustio nprod-uctsthatcanbeexpandedthrougha introducesa :(1)thesparkignitionengine,whichisusedpr imarilyinautomobiles;(2)thedieselengine, whichisusedinlargevehiclesandindustrials ystemswheretheimprovementsincycleefficie ncymakeitadvantageousoverthemorecompacta ndlighter-weightsparkignitionengine;and( 3)thegasturbine, ,unburnedhydrocarbons, , , ,car-bonmonoxide, , pistonmovesupanddownina cylinder,transmittingitsmotionthrougha (topdeadcenter)B=crankanglePistonPistonr odCrankB=180 (bottomdeadcenter) ; ; ;stroke4, ,thesparkplugisfired, burningmixtureexpands, , ,highpowerisneededanda , , , 'I-,~0' ~ (f) "brakespecificfuelconsumption." ' ' , ,a ,however, , ,producingthenoisereferredtoasknock(Byet al.,1981).Onecharacteristicofthefuelcomp ositionisitstendencytoautoignite, , ,V".
engine; and (3) the gas turbine, which is used in aircraft due to its high power/weight ratio and also is used for stationary power generation. Each of these engines is an important source of atmospheric pollutants. Automo biles are major sources of carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons, and nitrogen ox ides.
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