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Internal Combustion Engines

4 InternalCombustionEnginesInternalcombust ionenginesaredevicesthatgenerateworkusin gtheproductsofcom-bustionastheworkingflu idratherthanasa ,thecombustionis carriedoutina mannerthatproduceshigh-pressurecombustio nprod-uctsthatcanbeexpandedthrougha introducesa :(1)thesparkignitionengine,whichisusedpr imarilyinautomobiles;(2)thedieselengine, whichisusedinlargevehiclesandindustrials ystemswheretheimprovementsincycleefficie ncymakeitadvantageousoverthemorecompacta ndlighter-weightsparkignitionengine;and( 3)thegasturbine, ,unburnedhydrocarbons, , , ,car-bonmonoxide, , pistonmovesupanddownina cylinder,transmittingitsmotionthrougha (topdeadcenter)B=crankanglePistonPistonr odCrankB=180 (bottomdeadcenter) ; ; ;stroke4, ,thesparkplugisfired, burningmixtureexpands, , ,highpowerisneededanda , , , 'I-,~0' ~ (f) "brakespecificfuelconsumption." ' ' , ,a ,however, , ,producingthenoisereferredtoasknock(Byet al.,1981).Onecharacteristicofthefuelcomp ositionisitstendencytoautoignite, , ,V".

engine. 4.1 SPARK IGNITION ENGINES The operating cycle ofa conventional spark ignition engine is illustrated in Figure 4.1. The basic principle of operation is that a piston moves up and down in a cylinder, transmitting its motion through a connecting rod to the crankshaft which drives the ve­ hicle. The most common engine cycle involves four ...

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