Transcription of Introduction to Molecular Genetics and Genomics
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Introduction to Molecular Genetics and Genomics
CHAPTERI ntroduction to MolecularGenetics andGenomics11 Inherited traits are affected by genes. Genes are composed of the chemical deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA). DNA replicates to form copies of itself that are identical(except for rare mutations). DNA contains a genetic code specifying what types ofenzymes and other proteins are made in cells. DNA occasionally mutates, and the mutant forms specifyaltered proteins that have reduced activity or stability. A mutant enzyme is an inborn error of metabolism thatblocks one step in a biochemical pathway for the metabolismof small molecules. Traits are affected by environment as well as by genes.
Genetics is the study of biologically inherited traits, including traits that are in-fluenced in part by the environment. ... variable traits like pea color and plant height. At one time genetics could be stud-ied only through the progeny produced from matings. Genetic differences between species were impossible to define, because
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