Transcription of Introduction to Molecular Genetics and Genomics
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Introduction to Molecular Genetics and Genomics
CHAPTERI ntroduction to MolecularGenetics andGenomics11 Inherited traits are affected by genes. Genes are composed of the chemical deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA). DNA replicates to form copies of itself that are identical(except for rare mutations). DNA contains a genetic code specifying what types ofenzymes and other proteins are made in cells. DNA occasionally mutates, and the mutant forms specifyaltered proteins that have reduced activity or stability. A mutant enzyme is an inborn error of metabolism thatblocks one step in a biochemical pathway for the metabolismof small molecules. Traits are affected by environment as well as by genes. Organisms change genetically through generations in theprocess of biological MadnessAlfred D. Hershey and Martha Chase 1952 Independent Functions of Viral Protein and Nucleic Acid in Growth of BacteriophageThe Black Urine DiseaseArchibald E. Garrod 1908 Inborn Errors of MetabolismPRINCIPLESCONNECTIONSCHAPTER : The Genetic MaterialExperimental Proof of the Genetic Function of DNAG enetic Role of DNA in Structure: The Double Overview of DNA and ProteinsInborn Errors of Metabolism as a Cause of Hereditary DiseaseMutant Genes and Defective Expression: The Central DogmaTranscriptionTranslationThe Genetic Folding and and : From Genes to Genomes, fromProteins to ProteomesThe Molecular Unity of LifeNatural Selection and DiversityEach speciesof living o
2 Chapter 1 Introduction to Molecular Genetics and Genomics. receives an identical complement of chro-mosomes (Chapter 4). Further evidence for the importance of chromosomes was pro-vided by the observation that, whereas the number of chromosomes in each cell may
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