Introduction to Operating Systems

2 Introduction to Operating SystemsIf you are taking an undergraduate Operating Systems course, youshouldalready have some idea of what a computer program does when it not, this book (and the corresponding course) is going to be difficult so you should probably stop reading this book, or run to the near-est bookstore and quickly consume the necessary background materialbefore continuing (both Patt & Patel [PP03] and Bryant & O Hallaron[BOH10] are pretty great books).So what happens when a program runs?Well, a running program does one very simple thing: it executes in-structions.

various instructions, like loads and stores or other explicit instructions that access memory in doing their work. Don’t forget that each instruc-tion of the program is in memory too; thus memory is accessed on each instruction fetch. Let’s take a look at a program (in Figure 2.3) that allocates some mem-ory by calling malloc().

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