Introduction to Psychology

Chapter 15 Social PsychologySocial Thinking Social Psychology scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another Attribution theory tendency to give a causal explanation for someone s behavior , often by crediting either the situation or the person s dispositionSocial Thinking Fundamental Attribution Error tendency for observers, when analyzing another s behavior , to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition Attitude belief and feeling that predisposes one to respond in a particular way to objects, people and eventsSocial Thinking Our behavior is affected by our inner attitudes as well as by external social influencesInternalattitudesExternalinflu encesBehaviorSocial Thinking Attitudes follow behavior Cooperative actions feed mutual likingSocial Thinking Foot-in-the-Door Phenomenon tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request Role set of expectations about a social position defines how those in the position ought to behaveSocial Thinking Cognitive Dissonance theory we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts (cognitions) are inconsistent example- when we become aware that our attitudes and our actions clash, we can reduce the resulting dissonance by changing our attitudesSocial Thi

Social Exchange Theory the theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs Superordinate Goals shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation

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