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JournalofStatisticalSoftware - Hadley

JSS Journal of Statistical Software MMMMMM YYYY, Volume VV, Issue II. Tidy data Hadley Wickham RStudio Abstract A huge amount of effort is spent cleaning data to get it ready for analysis, but there has been little research on how to make data cleaning as easy and effective as possible. This paper tackles a small, but important, component of data cleaning : data tidying. Tidy datasets are easy to manipulate, model and visualise, and have a specific structure: each variable is a column, each observation is a row, and each type of observational unit is a table. This framework makes it easy to tidy messy datasets because only a small set of tools are needed to deal with a wide range of un-tidy datasets. This structure also makes it easier to develop tidy tools for data analysis, tools that both input and output tidy datasets.

Keywords: data cleaning, data tidying, relational databases, R. 1. Introduction It is often said that 80% of data analysis is spent on the process of cleaning and preparing the data (Dasu and Johnson2003). Data preparation is not just a rst step, but must be repeated many over the course of analysis as new problems come to light or new data is ...

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