Transcription of Karyotype Analysis and Chromosome Banding
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Karyotype Analysis and Chromosome Banding
Karyotype Analysis andChromosome BandingWendy A Bickmore,MRC Human Genetics Unit, Edinburgh, Scotland, UKA series of reproducible bands across metaphase chromosomes can be revealed by sometreatments. These Chromosome bands not only allow the identification of normal andabnormal chromosomes but they also tell us about fundamental aspects of the chromatinstructure and compartmentalization of the of Chromosome BandingNearly all methods of Chromosome Banding rely onharvesting chromosomes in mitosis. This is usuallyachieved by treating cells with tubulin inhibitors, such ascolchicine or demecolcine (colcemid), that depolymerizethe mitotic spindle and so arrest the cell at this long incubations with Colcemid result inovercondensed chromosomes that band poorly and more-over some cell types, especially those from the mouse,eventually escape the Colcemid block and proceed throughthe cell Banding methods are either based onstaining chromosomes with a dye or on assaying for aparticular function.
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF LIFE SCIENCES / & 2001 Nature Publishing Group / www.els.net 3. Hence the highest densities of genes in our genomes are located in the T-and R-bands. This explains why human chromosomeswithahighG-bandcontent,e.g.13,18and 21,areseenasviabletrisomies inthepopulation, whereas
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