Transcription of Lecture 21 – Cations, Anions and Hydrolysis in Water
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Lecture 21 – Cations, Anions and Hydrolysis in Water
12P32 Principles of Inorganic ChemistryDr. M. of metal of acidity and observable of elements in waterLecture 21 Cations, Anions and Hydrolysis in Water :1. Hydration The formation of a solutioninvolves the interaction of solute with solvent molecules. Many different liquids can be used as solvents for liquid solutions, and Water is the most commonly used solvent. When Water is used as the solvent, the dissolving process is called hydration. The interaction between Water molecules and a sodium ion is illustrated in the diagram below. This is a typical ion-dipole interaction. At the molecular level, the ions interact with Water molecules from all directions in a 3-dimensional space. 2 The Enthalpy of hydration,of an ion is the amount of energy released when a mole of the gaseous ion is dissolved in a large amount of +(g) + nH2O Mx+(aq) where Mx+(aq) represents ions surrounded by Water molecules and dispersed inthe solution.
5 Factors Affecting pKa– lower values of pKa and pH correspond to greater extent of hydrolysis and higher acidity of the solution. Cation Radius, pm pKa K+ 152 14.5 Na+ 116 14.2 Li+ 90 13.6 (too small to measure directly) Ba2+ 149 13.5 Ca2+ 116 12.8 Mg2+ 86 11.4 Rate of hydrolysis of metal or acidity of a hydrated cationINCREASES with …
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