LECTURE NOTES ON GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

1 LECTURE NOTES ON GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING Prepared by: Mrs. J. Hymavathi Assistant Professor Mr. Y. Ravi Kumar Assistant Professor CIVIL ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS) Dundigal 500043, Hyderabad 2 GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING UNIT-I INTRODUCTION AND INDEX PROPERTIES OF SOILS: Soil formation, clay mineralogy and soil structure, moisture content, weight- volume relationships, relative density. Grain size analysis, sieve analysis, principle of hydrometer method, consistency limits and indices, classification of soils UNIT-II PERMEABILITY, EFFECTIVE STRESS AND SEEPAGE THROUGH SOILS : Capillary rise, flow of water through soils, Darcy s Law, permeability, factors affecting permeability, laboratory & field tests for determination of coefficient of permeability, permeability of layered soils; Total, neutral and effective stress, upward and downward seepage through soils, quick sand condition, flow nets: characteristics and uses.

As the volume of ice formed is more than that of water, expansion occurs. Rocks get broken into pieces when large stresses develop in the cracks due to wedging action of the ice formed. 3. Spreading of roots of plants As the roots of trees and shrubs grow in the cracks and fissures of the rocks, forces act on the rocks.

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