Transcription of LECTURE NOTES – PHYSICS 564 NUCLEAR PHYSICS
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LECTURE NOTES – PHYSICS 564 NUCLEAR PHYSICS
LECTURE NOTES PHYSICS 564 NUCLEAR PHYSICS While this outlines many of the key concepts, it should not replace LECTURE NOTES . Units: Length: 1 angstrom = 10-10 m = 1 1 fermi (or femtometer) = 10-15 m = 1 fm. Energy: 1 electron volt (eV) = energy of electron accelerated through 1 volt electical potential = x 10-19 J. 1 keV = 103 eV; 1 MeV = 106 eV; 1 GeV = 109 eV. 1 u (atomic mass unit, sometimes also ) = MeV (where 12C has mass = ) mp = MeV mn= MeV me = 511 keV !c = MeV-fm. Basic definitions A chemical element denoted by # of electrons = # of protons. Z = # of protons, N = # of neutrons. A=Z+N = mass number. nuclide = a NUCLEAR species, denotes by Z, N. ( 14C) isotope = same Z, different N. ( 12C, 14C) isotone = same N, different Z ( 12C, 14O) isobar = same A ( 14N, 14C) isomer = same isotope but excited state (usually long-lived) ( 189Au, stable; 189mAu, half-life = 4 minutes) abundance = relative percentage (by number) of a nuclide/isotope.
Mass excess or mass defect: D = (m(N,Z) - A)´ 931.5 MeV/u where m(N,Z) is in u and A=N+Z is mass number, so that D is in MeV. packing fraction = -BE/A which related how tightly bound/particle the system is. Is approximately -8 MeV / nucleon for most nuclides. reaction Q-value: In a reaction A à B (where A, B can be systems of particles), Q is the
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