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Matrix Representations of Linear Transformations and ...
Matrix Representations of Linear Transformations andChanges of Subspaces and DefinitionsAsubspaceVofRnis a subset ofRnthat contains the zero element and is closed under additionand scalar multiplication:(1)0 V(2)u,v V= u+v V(3)u Vandk R= ku VEquivalently,Vis a subspace ifau+bv Vfor alla,b Randu,v V. (You should try to provethat this is an equivalent statement to the first.)Example {(t,3t, 2t)|t R}. ThenVis a subspace ofR3:(1)0 Vbecause we can taket= 0.(2)Ifu,v V, thenu= (s,3s, 2s)andv= (t,3t, 2t)for some real numberssandt. But thenu+v= (s+t,3s+ 3t, 2s 2t) = (s+t,3(s+t), 2(s+t)) = (t ,3t , 2t ) Vwheret =s+t R.
A linear combination of vectors v 1;:::;v k2Rnis the nite sum a 1v 1 + + a kv k (0.1) which is a vector in Rn (because Rn is a subspace of itself, right?). The a i 2R are called the coe cients of the linear combination. If a 1 = = a k = 0, then the linear combination is said to be trivial.
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