Transcription of MOS Transistors - Faculty
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MOS Transistors - Faculty
1 1 MOS Transistors Silicon substrate doped with impurities Adding or cutting away insulating glass (SiO2) Adding wires made of polycrystalline silicon (polysilicon, poly) or metal, insulated from the substrate by SiO2 Drain Source Gate n n Drain Source Gate SiO2 (insulator) p-type (doped) substrate Drain Source Gate nMOS transistor pMOS transistor channel Width W Length L Conductor (poly) 2 MOS transistor Switches N a b s N-switch a b s S = 0 S = 1 Good 0, Poor 1 0 1 0 1 (degraded) 2 3 MOS transistor Switches P-switch a b s P a b s S = 1 S = 0 Good 1, Poor 0 1 0 1 0 (degraded) a b s s CMOS switch a b s C S = 0 S = 1 a Good 0 Good 1 (Transmission gate) b s s 4 Signal Strength Strength of signal How close it approximates ideal voltage source VDD and GND rails are strongest 1 and 0 nMOS pass strong 0 But degraded or weak 1 pMOS pass strong 1 But degraded or weak 0 Thus nMOS are best for pull-down network 3 5 Pass Transistors Transistors can be used as switches 6 Transmission Gates Pass Transistors produce degraded outputs Transmission gates pass both 0 and 1 well 4 7 Complementary CMOS Complementary CMOS logic gates nMOS pull-down network pMOS pull-up network static CMOS Pull-up OFF Pull-up O
D Flip-flop Operation 40 Race Condition • Back-to-back flops can malfunction from clock skew – Second flip-flop fires late – Sees first flip-flop change and captures its result ... Chip Cells Polygons Transistors Gates Processor Boolean equations Differential equations
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